Say corrosion et sakey ed saray sankaimportantian ya elemento ya pansengegan nabalbulaaderal. Kanian, diadbalbulasay proteksion, balbula anti-corrosion et sakey ya importantin isyu ya ikonsidera.
Balbulaporma na kaagnasan
Say inkabulok na saray metal et manunan sengegan na kemikal tan electrochemical corrosion, tan say inkabulok na aliwan metal ya materyales et kaslakan ya pansengegan na direktan kemikal tan pisikal iran kiwas.
1. Kemikal ya panag-apag
Diad kondisyon ya anggapoy nagagawaan ya kuryente, say kaliberliber ya medium et direktan onkiwas ed metal tan maneral ed satan, a singa say pakaderal na metal lapud high-temperature dry gas tan non-electrolytic solution.
2. Galvanic corrosion
Say metal et makapitongtong ed electrolyte, kanian ondaraak iray electron, ya pansengegan na pakaderal na electrochemical action, ya manunan nengneng na corrosion.
Say kaslakan ya acid-base salt solution corrosion, atmospheric corrosion, soil corrosion, waterwater corrosion, microbial corrosion, pitting corrosion tan crevice corrosion na stainless steel, tan arum nira, et amin et electrochemical corrosion. Say electrochemical corrosion et aglabat nagagawa ed baetan na duaran substansia ya nayarin walay chemical role to, no ag ingen mamawala met na pandumaan na potensyal lapud pandumaan na konsentrasyon na solusyon, say pandumaan na konsentrasyon na oxygen ya akapaliber, say daiset a pandumaan na istruktura na substansia, tan arum nira, tan nagamoran toy pakayari na corrosion, kanian say metal ya abebay potensyal to tan say dry suposition na plate et naandi.
Say laknab na panag-apag na balbula
Say kapeles na inka-corrosion et nayarin naapag ed anemiran grado:
(1) Sigpot ya ag-onkupas: say karakel na onkakapuy et kulang ed 0.001 mm/taon
(2) Ag-ontutundan man-corrosion: say corrosion rate et 0.001 anggad 0.01 mm/taon
(3) Resisti ed panag-apag: say rate na panag-apag et 0.01 anggad 0.1 mm/taon
(4) Ag-onkupas ni: 0.1 anggad 1.0 mm/taon so nalalaok
(5) Makapuy ya resistensya ed corrosion: say corrosion rate et 1.0 anggad 10 mm/taon
(6) Ag-ontutundan man-corrosion: say corrosion rate et mas atagey nen say 10 mm/taon
Siam ya anti-corrosion ya paraan
1. Manpili na saray materyales ya ag-onkupas unong ed makapabulok ya medium
Diad mismon produksyon, say inkabulok na medium et komplikadon tuloy, anggano pareho so materyales na balbula ya inusar ed parehon medium, say konsentrasyon, temperatura tan presyon na medium et mandumaan, tan say inkabulok na medium ed materyal et aliwan pareho. Diad kada 10°C ya itatagey na medium temperature, say corrosion rate et ondarakel na manga 1~3 beses.
Say medium ya konsentrasyon et baleg so impluensya to ed inka-corrosion na materyal na balbula, singa say lead ya walad sulphuric acid ya melag so konsentrasyon to, say corrosion et melag a tuloy, tan no say konsentrasyon et onlampas ed 96%, say corrosion et ontagey a maong. Say carbon steel, diad kasunian, et walaan na sankagrabian ya corrosion no say konsentrasyon na sulfuric acid et manga 50%, tan no say konsentrasyon to et ontagey ed masulok ya 60%, say corrosion et onkupas a maong. Singa bilang, say aluminum et makaderal ed concentrated nitric acid ya walay konsentrasyon ya masulok ya 80%, balet ta seryoso ya makaderal no walad medium tan abeban konsentrasyon na nitric acid, tan say stainless steel et ag makaderal ed dilute nitric acid, balet ta onloor itan no masulok ya 95% ya concentrated nitric acid.
Manlapud saray alimbawa ed tagey, nanengneng ya say suston pampili na saray materyales na balbula et nepeg ya base ed espisipikon situasyon, analisaen so nanduruman bengatla ya mangaapekta ed panag-apag, tan manpili na materyales unong ed saray matukoy ya anti-corrosion manuals.
2. Mangusar na aliwan metal ya materyales
Say ag-metal ya resistensya ed corrosion et ekselentin maong, basta say temperatura tan presyon na balbula et makaabot ed saray kakaukolanen na aliwan metal ya materyales, agto labat naresolbe so problema ed corrosion, noagta makasalba met ed saray mablin metal. Say laman na balbula, bonnet, lining, sealing surface tan arum niran kaslakan ya uusaren ya aliwan metal ya materyales et ginawa.
Saray plastik a singa say PTFE tan chlorinated polyether, ontan met ed natural a goma, neoprene, nitrile rubber tan arum niran goma so uusaren parad valve lining, tan say manunan laman na valve body bonnet et gawad cast iron tan carbon steel. Agto labat naseguro so biskeg na balbula, noagta naseguro to met ya ag-onkupas so balbula.
Natan, mas dakel so plastik ya uusaren a singa say nylon tan PTFE, tan say natural a goma tan sintetikon goma so uusaren pian manggawa na nanduruman sealing surfaces tan sealing rings, ya uusaren ed nanduruman balbula. Sarayan aliwan metal ya materyales ya uusaren bilang sealing surfaces et aglabat walaan na maong ya resistensya ed corrosion, no ag ingen walaan met na maong ya sealing performance, ya lalon matukoy ya usaren ed media ya walay partikulo. Siempre, aliwan tanton mabiskeg tan ag-ira onpepetang, tan limitado so nausar da.
3. Say panagtambal ed tapew na metal
(1) Koneksyon na balbula: Say kuhol ya koneksion na balbula et kaslakan ya uusaren na galvanizing, chrome plating, tan oxidation (asul) pian napaaligwas so abilidad ton ag-onloob ed atmospera tan medium corrosion. Nilikud ed saray asalambit lan paraan, arum niran fasteners et naasikaso met na saray surface treatments a singa say phosphating unong ed situasyon.
(2) Panseal ed tapew tan saray akasara a parte ya melag so diametro: saray proseso ed tapew a singa say nitriding tan boronizing so uusaren pian napaaligwas so resistensya to ed corrosion tan wear resistance.
(3) Say stem anti-corrosion: say nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating tan arum niran proseso na panagtambal ed tapew et malaknab ya uusaren pian napaaligwas so resistensya to ed corrosion, resistensya ed corrosion tan resistensya to ed abrasion.
Saray nanduruman panagtrato ed tapew et nepeg ya matukoy ed nanduruman materyales na stem tan kaliberliber na pantratrabahoan, diad atmospera, water vapor medium tan asbestos packing contact stem, nayarin mangusar na malet a chrome plating, proseso na gas nitriding (say stainless steel et ag nepeg ya mangusar na proseso na ion nitriding): diad kaliberliber na hydrogen sulfide ya uusaren so electroplating ya atagey so phosphorus coaating et mas maabig so proteksion to; Say 38CrMOAIA et nayarin ag-onkupas panamegley na ion tan gas nitriding, balet say hard chrome coating et aliwan matukoy ya usaren; Say 2Cr13 et makalaban ed ammonia corrosion kayari na quenching tan tempering, tan say carbon steel ya manguusar na gas nitriding et makalaban met ed ammonia corrosion, bangbalet amin ya phosphorus-nickel plating layers et ag makalaban ed ammonia corrosion, tan say gas nitriding 38CrMOAIA ya materyal et walaan na ekselentin resistensya ed corrosion tan komprehensibon performance, tan maslak ya uusaren pian manggawa na stem vals.
(4) Small-caliber valve body tan handwheel: Mabetbet met ya chrome-plated pian napaaligwas so resistensya to ed corrosion tan naparakep so balbula.
4. Thermal spraying
Say thermal spraying et sakey a klase na paraan na panagparaan na saray coating, tan nagmaliw ya sakey ed saray balon teknolohiya parad proteksion ed tapew na materyales. Saya so sakey a paraan na panagpabiskeg na tapew ya manguusar na atagey ya enerhiya na petang (gas combustion flame, electric arc, plasma arc, electric heating, gas explosion, tan arum nira) pian painitan tan tunawen iray metal odino aliwan metal ya materyales, tan i-spray iratan ed pretreat ya manunan tapew diad nengneng na atomization pian magmaliw ya spray coating, odino painitan so tapew, pian natunaw lamet so tapew diad tapew na substrate pian naporma so proseso na pamabiskeg ed tapew na spray welding layer.
Maslak ed saray metal tan saray alloy da, metal oxide ceramics, cermet composites tan hard metal compounds et nayarin i-coat ed metal odino aliwan metal iran substrate panamegley na sakey odino pigaran paraan na thermal spraying, ya makapaaligwas ed resistensya ed corrosion na tapew, resistensya ed panag-usar, resistensya ed atagey a petang tan arum niran kablian, tan mamaaligwas ed bilay na serbisyo. Say thermal spraying et espisyal ya functional coating, ya walay heat insulation, insulation (odino abnormal ya kuryente), grindable sealing, self-lubrication, thermal radiation, electromagnetic shielding tan arum niran espisyal ya kablian, say pangusar na thermal spraying et makapangipaabig ed saray parte.
5. I-spray so pinta
Say coating et malaknab ya uusaren ya anti-corrosion ya paraan, tan saya so nakaukolan ya anti-corrosion ya materyales tan marka na pakabidbiran ed saray produkto na balbula. Say coating et sakey met ya aliwan metal ya materyales, ya kaslakan et gawad sintetikon resin, rubber slurry, vegetable oil, solvent, tan arum ni, ya mansakbong ed tapew na metal, mangibiig ed medium tan say atmospera, tan makadampot na gagala ya anti-corrosion.
Saray coating et manunan uusaren ed danum, maasin a danum, danum na dayat, atmospera tan arum niran kaliberliber ya aliwan masyadon makaderal. Say loob na abut na balbula et mabetbet ya pininturaan na anticorosive paint pian ag-onkupas so balbula na danum, dagem tan arum niran media
6. Mangiyan na corrosion inhibitors
Say mekanismo no panon ya nakontrol na corrosion inhibitors so corrosion et say pangipapaseseg na polarization na baterya. Saray corrosion inhibitor et manunan uusaren ed media tan fillers. Say pangiyarum na corrosion inhibitors ed medium et makapatunda ed corrosion na kagawaan tan balbula, singa say chromium-nickel stainless steel ed oxygen-free sulphuric acid, baleg so solubility range ya anggad cremation state, mas grabe so corrosion, balet say pangiyarum na daiset ya copper sulfate odino nitric acid tan arum niran oxidan blunt, et nayarin manggawa ed stainless steel ya blunt estado, say tapew na sakey a proteksion a pelikula pian ag-onkupas so medium, diad hydrochloric acid, no daiset so iyarum ya oxidant, nabawasan so pakaderal na titanium.
Say valve pressure test et mabetbet ya uusaren bilang medium parad pressure test, ya mainomay ya pansengegan na pakaderal nabalbula, tan say pangiyarum na daiset a sodium nitrite ed danum et makaamper ed pakaderal na balbula lapud danum. Say panag-impake na asbestos et walaan na chloride, ya makaderal a maong ed valve stem, tan say chloride ya karga to et nayarin nabawasan no usaren so steaming water washing method, balet sayan paraan et mairap ya ipaakseb, tan ag nayarin ipalapag ed inkalapagan, tan matukoy labat parad saray espisyal a pankaukolan.
Pian naprotektaan so valve stem tan ag-onkupas so asbestos packing, diad asbestos packing, say corrosion inhibitor tan sacrificial metal et aka-coat ed valve stem, say corrosion inhibitor et tugyopen na sodium nitrite tan sodium chromate, ya makapawala na passivation film ed tapew na valve stem tan napaaligwas so resistensya na corrosion na valve stem tan manggawa na solvent stem say corrosion inhibitor et kalkalnan ontunaw tan manggawa na lubricating role; Diad tua, say zinc et sakey met ya inhibitor na corrosion, ya nayarin mankasakey nin unona ed chloride ed asbestos, kanian say chloride tan say stem metal et nabawasan a maong, pian nadampot so gagala na anti-corrosion.
7. Proteksion ed electrochemical
Walay duaran klase na proteksion ed electrochemical: proteksion ed anodic tan proteksion ed cathodic. No say zinc et usaren pian protektaan so bakal, say zinc et nabubuyak, say zinc et tatawagen ya sacrificial metal, diad praktis na produksyon, say anode protection et mas daiset so uusaren, say cathodic protection et mas dakel so uusaren. Sayan paraan na proteksion na cathodic et uusaren parad angkakabaleg iran balbula tan importantin balbula, ya sakey ya makatipid, simpli tan epektibon paraan, tan say zinc et iyaarum ed asbestos packing pian naprotektaan so valve stem.
8. Kontrolen so makaderal ya kaliberliber
Say tatawagen ya kaliberliber et walaan na duaran klase na malaknab a kabaliksan tan mainget a kabaliksan, say malaknab a kabaliksan na kaliberliber et manutukoy ed kaliberliber ed kaliberliber na pasen ya pangipuestoan na balbula tan say internal circulation medium to, tan say mainget a kabaliksan na kaliberliber et manutukoy ed saray kondisyon ed kaliberliber na pasen ya pangipuestoan na balbula.
Maslak ya kaliberliber et ag nakontrol, tan saray proseso na produksyon et ag nayarin umanen. No anggapoy pakaderal na produkto tan proseso, nayarin usaren so paraan na panangontrol ed kaliberliber, singa say deoxygenation na danum na boiler, pangiyarum na alkali ed proseso na panagpino na larak pian na-adjust so PH value, tan arum nira. Manlapud sayan punto de bista, say pangiyarum na corrosion inhibitors tan electrochemical protection ya abitla ed tagey et sakey met a paraan pian nakontrol so corrosive ya kaliberliber.
Say atmospera et napno na dabok, singaw na danum tan asewek, lalo la ed kaliberliber na produksyon, a singa say asewek ya asin, makasamal iran gas tan pinon pulbos ya ipapaway na kagawaan, ya pansengegan na nanduruman grado na panag-apag ed balbula. Say operator et nepeg ya regular ya manlinis tan man-purge ed balbula tan man-refuel na regular unong ed saray probisyon na operating procedures, ya epektibon paraan pian nakontrol so environmental corrosion. Say pangiyan na proteksion ed valve stem, pangiyan na ground well ed ground valve, tan pangi-spray na pintura ed tapew na balbula et amin a paraan pian ag-onkupas iray makaderal a bengatla edbalbula.
Say itatagey na temperatura ed kaliberliber tan polusyon na dagem, lalo la ed saray kagawaan tan balbula ed sarado ya kaliberliber, so mamapeles ed pakaderal da, tan saray lukas a talyer odino saray paraan na bentilasyon tan panagpaliis so nepeg ya usaren anggad posible pian nabawasan so inkaderal na kaliberliber.
9. Paaligwasen so teknolohiya na panagproseso tan say istruktura na balbula
Say anti-corrosion ya proteksion nabalbulaet sakey a problema ya inkonsidera la manlapud gapo na desinyo, tan say produkto na balbula ya walay makatunongan ya desinyo na istruktura tan suston paraan na proseso et seguradon walay maabig ya epekto to ed pamatunda ed pakaderal na balbula. Kanian, say departamento na desinyo tan panaggawa et nepeg ya paaligwasen iray parte ya aliwan makatunongan ed desinyo na istruktura, aliwan susto ed paraan na proseso tan mainomay ya pansengegan na corrosion, pian nibagay iratan ed saray kakaukolanen na nanduruman kondisyon na pantratrabaho.
Oras na pangi-post: Enero-22-2025
